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| Japanese terms Renewal 2005.11.04 |
2005年11月04日
Shōnen
Shōnen[Japanese terms]
2005年11月03日
Master of Wine
Master of Wine[Konwledge of Wine]
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Master_of_WineMaster of Wine is an internationally recognised qualification (MW) conferred by The Institute of Masters of Wine, founded in 1955 and based in the United Kingdom. The qualification is achieved through extensive examination and dissertation, and is generally regarded in the wine industry as setting an extremely high standard of professional knowledge. |
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| Konwledge of Wine Renewal 2005.11.03
Lachryma Christi / Tun (unit) / Vintage / Wine and food matching / Kosher wine / Cork (material) / APCOR / Angel's share / Wine bottle / Butt (unit) / Mulled wine / Champagne flute / Oz Clarke / Heuriger / National Wine Centre of Australia / P cont. / First Growth / Vintner / Dom Perignon (person) / Retsina
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2005年11月02日
Château Lafite-Rothschild
Château Lafite-Rothschild[wine]
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2005年11月01日
Health maintenance organization
Health maintenance organization[Insurance]
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Health_maintenance_organizationA Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) is a type of managed care|Managed Care Organization (MCO) that provides a form of health insurance coverage that is fulfilled through hospitals, doctors, and other providers with which the HMO has a contract. Unlike traditional indemnity|indemnity insurance, care provided in an HMO generally follows a set of care guidelines provided through the HMO's network of providers. Under this model, providers contract with an HMO to receive more patients and in return usually agree to provide services at a discount. This arrangement allows the HMO to charge a lower monthly premium, which is an advantage over indemnity insurance, provided that its members are willing to abide by the additional restrictions. |
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2005年10月31日
Scotch whisky
Scotch whisky[Alcoholic beverages]
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Scotch_whiskyScotch whisky, often called simply Scotch, is a distilled beverage|distilled spirit made in Scotland. (Generally, though not always, the Scottish, Japanese and Canadian spirits are spelled "whisky"; the Irish and American ones "whiskey"). The name ''whisky'' is a transformation of the word ''usquebaugh'', itself a transformation of the Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic ''uisge beatha'' spelled ''uisce beatha'' in Irish language|Irish Gaelic, literally meaning the "water of life".Scotch whisky is divided into at least 3 distinct categories: Single Malt Scotch|Single Malt, blended whiskey|Blended and Vatted malt|Vatted. |
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| Alcoholic beverages Renewal 2005.10.31
Jenever / Brandy / Gin / Chartreuse (liqueur) / Fenny / Beerenburg / Long-drinks / Sima (mead) / Kilju / Spruce beer / Alcopop / WKD / Oatmeal Cookie / Syrup (drink) / Babycham / Kitron / Vermeer Dutch Chocolate Cream Liqueur / Cocawine / Mulled wine / Tequila
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2005年10月30日
New World Syndrome
New World Syndrome[Diseases]
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New_World_SyndromeNew World Syndrome is a set of noncommunicable diseases brought on by consumption of junk food|rich food. Native American|Native Americans, the indigenous people of Oceania and perhaps other peoples of Asiatic origin are susceptible. It is characterized by obesity, heart disease, diabetes and shortened life span, and, of course, by a change from a traditional diet and exercise to a modern diet and a sedentary lifestyle.It is hypothesized that the syndrome has a genetic basis resulting from an enhanced ability to store fat. The reasoning is that a population stressed by famine would tend to develop this ability. Such a population, exposed to an abundance of rich food would then be at risk from conditions which are associated with obesity.Evidence found through the study of mitochondrial DNA suggests that there are several factors at play. Subjects of maternal descent from the above named indigenous populations have several genetic factors that provide more efficient conversi! on of some classes of carbohydrates into ATP. There is also indication that cellular responses to injury, muscular efficiency, and other metabolic differences may set the stage for other factors to cause the symptoms of the syndrome.Increased rates of depression are known to produce higher rates of obesity through decreased physical activity. Coupled with a more efficient metabolism this could be a major cause of NWS symptoms within population groups of e.g. native American descent. As with all studies of the genetic underpinnings of anthropologically diverse groups, the individual circumstances may differ from case to case. See also* starvation gene |
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| Diseases Renewal 2005.10.30
Low back pain / Arthritis / Spinocerebellar ataxia / Degenerative disease / Newcastle disease / Arachnoiditis / Lordosis / Chromoblastomycosis / Epidermolysis bullosa / Osteochondrosis / New World Syndrome / Helminthiasis / London Dock Hospital / Third Pandemic / Osteomalacia / Cellular pathology / Cancer / Rare disease / Motion sickness / Rosacea
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2005年10月29日
Domaine de la Romanée Conti
Domaine de la Romanée Conti[wine]
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2005年10月28日
Uveitis
Uveitis[Diseases]
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UveitisUveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the "uvea" but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye.Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10% of the blindness in the United States. Uveitis requires a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist. |
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2005年10月27日
Indoor air quality
Indoor air quality[Health care]
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Indoor_air_quality:''For FAQs written about fake video games also abbreviated as "IAQ," see Infrequently Asked Questions.'' Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) deals with the health and comfort of the air inside buildings. The IAQ may be compromised by microbial contaminants (mold, bacterium|bacteria), chemicals, allergens, or any mass or energy stressor that can affect the heath of people or animals. Often the perception is that outdoor air is polluted, but indoor air is acceptable. Many studies and experience show that this isn't always the case.The topic of IAQ has become popular due to the greater awareness of health problems caused by mold and triggers to asthma and allergies. Awareness has also been increased by the involvement of the Environmental Protection Agency. They have developed an "IAQ Tools for Schools" program to help improve the indoor environmental conditions in educational institutions (see external link below). The problems stemming from poor indoor air quality has created an industry of consultants specializing in diagnosing, remediating and preventing IAQ complaints. Professiona! ls are often trained or certified by organizations such as the American Industrial Hygiene Association, American Indoor Air Quality Council, Indoor Environmental Institute, Indoor Air Quality Association, and the Indoor Environmental Standards Organization. These consultants perform an IAQ property assessment that may include taking measurements and samples of the air or surfaces inside the building. Instrumentation should be calibrated and samples should be sent to an independent, accredited laboratry. AIHA and A2LA both offer laboratory accreditation programs that relate to indoor air quality. |
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2005年10月26日
Zauschneria
Zauschneria[American actor]
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ZauschneriaZauschneria (''Epilobium canum'') is a species of Epilobium|willowherb, native to dry slopes and in chaparral of western North America. It is a perennial plant, notable for the profusion of bright scarlet flowers in late summer and autumn. The name reflects that in the past it used to be treated in a distinct genus ''Zauschneria'', but modern studies have shown that it is best placed within the genus ''Epilobium''. Other common names include California-fuchsia (from the resemblance of the flowers to those of Fuchsias), hummingbird flower, and hummingbird trumpet (the flowers are very attractive to hummingbirds).It is a subshrub growing to 60 cm tall. Native populations of these plants exhibit considerable variation in appearance and habit. The small leaf|leaves may be opposite or alternate, lance-shaped or ovate, with short to nonexistent stalks, and range in color from green to nearly white. Overall shape may be matting or mounding, the plants commonly spreading via rhizom! es. The racemes of tubular or funnel-shaped flowers are terminal, and colors are mostly reddish, ranging from fuchsia to pink to red-orange.The wide degree of variation has led to the description of many subspecies, mostly no longer recognised as distinct due to the extansive intergradation between them; the following are still recognised: *''Epilobium canum'' subsp. ''canum'' (synonymy|syn. subsp. ''angustifolia'', subsp. ''microphylla'') *''Epilobium canum'' subsp. ''garrettii'' *''Epilobium canum'' subsp. ''latifolium''The closely related species ''Epilobium septentrionale'' (Northern Willowherb) was also formerly treated in the genus ''Zauschneria''. CultivationAs befits their origin, they prefer to be cultivated in well-drained soil exposed to full sun but protected from the wind, and need little watering.A small number of hybrid cultivars have been introduced by various growers, in some cases by working from isolated populations, such as those on Santa Cruz Island off the California coast.The plant is named after Johann Baptista Josef Zauschner (1737-1799), a professor of medicine and botany in Prague. |
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| American actor Renewal 2005.10.26 |
2005年10月25日
Château Branaire-Ducru
Château Branaire-Ducru[wine]
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| wine Renewal 2005.10.25
Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste / Dom Perignon (wine) / Spumante / Cremisan / Georges Duboeuf / Château Branaire-Ducru / Chilean wine / Muscadet / Jackson-Triggs / Château Lagrange / Châ!
teau Margaux / Cava / Chambertin / Château Pedesclaux / Wolf Blass / Château Lafite-Rothschild / Cristal / Constellation Brands / Château Pétrus / Louis Roederer
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2005年10月24日
Royal Wine Company
Royal Wine Company[wine]
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Royal_Wine_CompanyThe Royal Wine Company, also known as Kedem, is a Kosher food manufacturing and distribution company, incorporated in the United States for the last fifty years, and run by the Herzog family since 1848. First operating as a winery in Czechoslovakia, the winery was the exclusive wine supplier to Emperor Franz Joseph, who granted one of the early Herzogs the title of ''Baron''. Though the wines for the emperor were not necessarily Kosher wines, all of the other wines were produced under the full scrutiny of Kosher law.During World War II, the winery was seized by the Nazis. The Herzogs, who stayed in hiding, immigrated to the United States after the 1948 Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia. Living in New York City, Eugene Herzog began working for the Royal Wine Company; and part of his salary was paid in company shares. By 1958, he was a majority stockholder and purchased the company and named it Kedem.The Royal Wine Company is the leader in the Kosher beverage industry, and ! imports foods from around the world. It is especially known for the Baron Herzog Varietals line of wines, as well as Kedem Tea Biscuits. The company also retains the exclusive United States distribution rights for several Israeli wines and spirits.The Herzog Varietals, are Kosher versions of various popular wines, including Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon. Several of these have won various wine competitions. The company was also part of a collaboration that created the first kosher Rothschild wine, in 1988.The Royal Wine Company currently sells over a million cases of wine and grape juice annually, in sixteen countries worldwide. Formerly headquartered in New York City, it is now based in Bayonne, New Jersey. |
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2005年10月22日
Selenocysteine
Selenocysteine[Health care]
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![Selenium influences the turnover of selenocysteine tRNA([Ser]Sec) in Chinese hamster ovary cells : An article from: The Journal of Nutrition](http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000BE2DBE.01.MZZZZZZZ.jpg)
SelenocysteineSelenocysteine is an amino acid that is present in several enzymes (for example glutathione peroxidases, tetraiodothyronine 5 deiodinase|tetraiodothyronine 5' deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases and some hydrogenases). Selenocysteine has a structure similar to cysteine, but with an atom of selenium taking the place of the usual sulfur. Proteins that include a selenocysteine residue are called selenoproteins.Unlike other amino acids present in biological proteins, however, it is not coded for directly in the genetic code. Selenocysteine is encoded in a special way by a UGA codon, which is normally a stop codon. The UGA codon is made to encode selenocysteine by the presence of a SECIS element (SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence) in the mRNA. The SECIS element is defined by characteristic nucleotide sequences and secondary structure base-pairing patterns. In eubacteria, the SECIS element is located immediately following the UGA cod! on within the reading frame for the selenoprotein. In archaea and in eukaryotes, the SECIS element is in the 3' UTR|3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the mRNA, and can direct multiple UGA codons to encode selenocysteine residues. When cells are grown in the absence of selenium, translation of selenoproteins terminates at the UGA codon, resulting in a truncated, nonfunctional enzyme.Like the other amino acids used by cells, selenocysteine has a specialized tRNA. The primary and secondary structure of selenocysteine tRNA, tRNA(Sec), differ from those of standard tRNAs in several respects, most notably in having an 8-base (bacteria) or 9-base (eukaryotes) pair acceptor stem, a long variable region arm, and substitutions at several well-conserved base positions. The selenocysteine tRNAs are initially charged with serine by seryl-tRNA ligase, but the resulting Ser-tRNA(Sec) is not used for translation because it is not recognised by the normal translation factor (EF-Tu in ba! cteria, EF1alpha in eukaryotes). Rather, the tRNA-bound seryl ! residue is converted to a selenocysteyl-residue by the pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme selenocysteine synthase. Finally, the resulting Sec-tRNA(Sec) is specifically bound to an alternative translational elongation factor (SelB or mSelB) which delivers it in a targeted manner to the ribosomes translating mRNAs for selenoproteins. The specificity of this delivery mechanism is brought about by the presence of an extra protein domain (in bacterial SelB) or an extra subunit (SBP-2 for eukaryotic mSelB) which bind to the corresponding RNA secondary structures formed by the SecIS elements in selenoprotein mRNAs. The SecIS elements of bacterial selenoproteins (as far as analysed) are located within the coding sequences immediately following the UGA codons for selenocysteine, those of Eukarya and Archaea are located in the 3' UTR of the respective mRNAs. In addition, at least one case has been described for an archaeal selenoprotein mRNA containing its SecIS in the 5' UTR. |
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| Health care Renewal 2005.10.22
Carboxyglutamate / Lysine / Riboflavin / Alanine / Ascorbic acid / Nutrition / Hwa-Byung / Obesity / Healthy city / Macromineral / Cyanocobalamin / Aib / Meig's syndrome / Bodypump / Dietary mineral / Dehydroalanine / Proline / Retinol / Aspartic acid / Environmental health
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2005年10月21日
Dry county
Dry county[Alcoholic beverages]
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Dry_countyA dry county is a county in the United States whose government forbids the sale of alcoholic beverages. Dry counties are predominantly a feature of the American South. Smaller jurisdictions exist which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages as well, such as dry towns. |
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| Alcoholic beverages Renewal 2005.10.21
Cocawine / Sake / Jagertee / Long drink / Beerenburg / Kefir / Sima (mead) / Hpnotiq / Vodka / Tanqueray / Bombay Sapphire / Chartreuse (liqueur) / Shochu / Wine / A!
wamori / Syrup (drink) / Grappa / Pisco / Grog / Drambuie
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2005年10月20日
Haiku
Haiku[Japanese terms]
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Haiku:''This is the article on the ancient Japanese form of poetry. For the BeOS open-source re-creation project, see Haiku (operating system). For the town in Hawaii, see Haiku-Pauwela, Hawaii.''Haiku (俳句) is one of the most important modes of Japanese poetry, a late 19th century revision by Masaoka Shiki of the old ''hokku'', the opening verse of a linked verse form, ''haikai no renga''. A traditional hokku consists of a pattern of approximately 5, 7, and 5 ''Mora (linguistics)|morae'', phonetic units which only loosely correspond to the syllables of Western languages. It also contains a special ''season'' word—the ''kigo''—descriptive of the season in which the hokku was set. Hokku often combine different elements into a unified sensory impression, with a pause (the ''kireji'' or "cutting word") at the end of either the first five or second seven morae. Although rarely broken by Japanese hokku poets, these rules are often broken in the later, more! "free-form" haiku movement, both in Japanese language|Japanese and in other languages. |
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| Japanese terms Renewal 2005.10.20 |
2005年10月19日
Mezcal
Mezcal[Alcoholic beverages]
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Mezcal:''For the plant, see Parry Agave'' Mezcal is a Mexico|Mexican distilled spirits|spirit made from the agave plant. There are many different types of agaves, and each produces a slightly different mezcal. Agave is part of the Agavaceae family, also called maguey. Tequila is a mezcal made only from the blue agave plant in the region around Tequila, Jalisco. |
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| Alcoholic beverages Renewal 2005.10.19
Wine / Vodka / Irish crack / Ginger beer / Chartreuse (liqueur) / Beer / Drambuie / Advocaat / Long drink / Chicha / Bourbon whiskey / Syrup (drink) / Sima (mead) / Vin Mariani / Chouchen / Punsch / WKD / Hpnotiq / Radler / Soju
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2005年10月18日
Charles Shaw
Charles Shaw[wine]
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Charles_ShawThe Charles Shaw winery in the United States is known for its "extreme value" wines produced in California. These wines are currently Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and most recently Shiraz grape|Shiraz varietals, all from California vineyards. They are distributed exclusively by Trader Joe's grocery stores, and in California sell for $1.99. Because of this, the Charles ("Chuck") Shaw wines are affectionately known as ''Two buck Chuck''.Due to the three-tier system, in other states the price ranges up to around $4. The Two Buck Chuck is an example of the recent trend of impoverished wine drinkers seeking the greatest value. These wines have sometimes been rated higher than wines costing more in blind taste tests of college students, but since the composition is constantly changing based on wine and grape sources, it is not especially consistent. |
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2005年10月17日
Pincushion (plant)
Pincushion (plant)[American actor]
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Pincushion_(plant)''about 50'' The pincushions (''Leucospermum'') are a genus of shrubs and small trees in the family Proteaceae. The flowers have large numbers of prominent styles, which inspires the name. They are native to Zimbabwe and South Africa, where the 40+ species occupy a variety of habitat (ecology)|habitats, including scrub, forest, and mountain slopes.The Leucosperma are closely related in evolution and appearance to the Australian Banksias. |
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| American actor Renewal 2005.10.17
Trillium / Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff' / Delphinium / Gagea / Forget-me-not / Plumeria / Myosurus / Primula bulleyana / Yellow Pansy / Passion flower / Tallong Midge Orchid / Seed company / Shrubby Cinquefoil / Pincushion (plant) / Nasturtium (common name) / Bronze Charm / Wandflower / Clematis / Daylily / Ranunculus
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2005年10月16日
Ranunculus
Ranunculus[American actor]
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Ranunculus''This article is about the flower. For other definitions, see Buttercup (disambiguation).'' over 400; see text ''Ranunculus'' is a large genus of about 400 species of plants in the Ranunculaceae. It includes the buttercups, spearworts, water crowfoots and the lesser celandine (but not the greater celandine of the poppy family Papaveraceae).They are mostly herbaceous perennials with bright yellow or white flowers (if white, still with a yellow centre); some are annuals or biennials, and a few have orange or red flowers.The Water crowfoots (''Ranunculus'' subgenus ''Batrachium''), which grow in still or running water, are sometimes treated in a separate genus ''Batrachium''. They have two different leaf types, thread-like leaves underwater and broader floating leaves.All ''Ranunculus'' species are poisonous when eaten fresh by cattle, horses, and other livestock, but their acrid taste means they are usually left uneaten. Poisoning can occur where buttercups are abundant in overgrazed fields where little other edible plant growth is left, and the animals eat them out of desperation. The! poisons are degraded by drying, so hay containing dried buttercups is safe.Some species are popular ornamental flowers in horticulture, with many cultivars selected for large and brightly coloured flowers.An old superstition says that if you hold a buttercup under your face, and yellow light is reflected on your face, it means that you like butter. Partial species list*''Ranunculus acris'' - Meadow buttercup *''Ranunculus aquatilis'' - Common water crowfoot *''Ranunculus arvensis'' - Corn buttercup *''Ranunculus asiaticus'' - Persian buttercup *''Ranunculus auricomus'' - Goldilocks buttercup *''Ranunculus bulbosus'' - Bulbous buttercup *''Ranunculus ficaria'' - Lesser celandine *''Ranunculus flamula'' - Lesser spearwort *''Ranunculus fluitans'' - River water crowfoot *''Ranunculus glacialis'' - Glacier buttercup *''Ranunculus lapponicus'' - Lapland Buttercup *''Ranunculus lingua'' - Greater spearwort *''Ranunculus peltatus'' - Pond water crowfoot *''Ranunculus platanifolius'' - Large white buttercup *''Ranunculus pygmaeus'' - Pygmy Buttercup *''Ranunculus sceleratus'' - Celery-leaved buttercup *''Ranunculus repens'' - Creeping buttercup and many more |
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| American actor Renewal 2005.10.16 |
2005年10月15日
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis[Diseases]
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GlomerulonephritisGlomerulonephritis is a primary or secondary autoimmune kidney|renal disease featuring inflammation of the glomerulus|glomeruli. It may be asymptomatic, or present with hematuria and/or proteinuria (blood resp. protein in the urine). There are many recognised types, divided in acute, subacute or chronic glomerulonephritis. Causes are infectious (bacterial, viral or parasitic pathogens), autoimmune or paraneoplastic. |
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